Sex and gender are often used interchangeably but mean different things. Sex refers to biological traits like chromosomes, hormones, and reproductive organs and is typically categorized as male or female at birth. However, some people are intersex, meaning they are born with anatomy that doesn’t fit typical definitions of male or female.

Gender, on the other hand, involves identity, expression, and cultural roles. A person’s gender identity may match their sex assigned at birth (cisgender) or may not (transgender). Gender exists on a spectrum—some identify as male, female, both, neither, or as non-binary, genderqueer, or gender fluid.

Transgender individuals may use hormones or surgeries to align their bodies with their identities. They often face stigma and discrimination, and transgender youth are at higher risk of mental health issues. Anti-trans laws have worsened these risks.

Intersex people may also seek medical support but, like everyone, deserve autonomy over their bodies and identities.

Respect is key—using someone’s chosen name and pronouns affirms their identity and helps reduce harm. While sex and gender have become political flashpoints, what matters most is recognizing every person’s right to express their identity safely and authentically.